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Epidemiologic surveillance is used in public and global health. For this Assignment, begin by locating a recent article about an outbreak of an infectious or communicable disease. The article can come from a newspaper or other source but your paper must be supported with at least three scholarly sources of evidence in the literature which may include your text or course readings.
For this Assignment, review the following:
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Walden paper template (no abstract or running head required)
The Week 3 Assignment Rubric
By Day 7 of Week 3
Write a 3- to 4-page paper that includes the following:
A summary of the article, including the title and author
Identify the title of the article with in-text citation and corresponding reference in reference list
The relationship among causal agents, susceptible persons, and environmental factors (epidemiological triangle)
The role of the nurse in addressing the outbreak
Possible health promotion/health protection strategies that could have been implemented by nurses to mitigate the outbreak
Solution Preview
Summary of the Article
The article titled “Can ‘Mono’ Virus up odds for 7 other diseases” was published on 16th April 2018 by Alan Mozes at Health daily which is a special program run by the World Report U.S News. The article raises a concern about the increasing number of American youths who live in discomfort and fatigue due to Mononucleosis infection. The article is focused on worries that Mononucleosis infection may be responsible for causing other seven immune-system diseases which are characterized as serious human infection. However, it has not been certainly established whether these claims are true. The article states that these immune-system diseases include; type 1 diabetes, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and lupus (Mozes, 2018).
The article notes that Mononucleosis infection is a contagious disease that is more prevalent among teens and young adults and it is caused by the most common human virus known as Epstein-Barr (Mozes, 2018). Actually, the Epstein-Barr is known to infect more than ninety percent of the adults and its infections last for a lifetime. Dr. John Harley in a stamen as quoted by the author notes that ‘tests from the laboratory are building strong evidence that correlates this virus with the cause of several autoimmune diseases in particular patients (Mozes, 2018). In fact, the associated infection is said to have affected an estimated eight million of the American citizens.
However, the article depicts that infection of Epstein-Bar infection should not cause an alarm because, in the modern lifestyle, an estimated 99 percent of people have been infected with the virus while only 0.1 are infected with lupus (Mozes, 2018). The article quotes genetic analysis which has established a cellular level of Epstein-Barr which shares several abnormal viral switches triggering ON and OFF which co-exists with other seven infections (Mozes, 2018). Essentially, the transcription factors are DNA roadmap which triggers cells in the human body to undertake or initiate various tasks.
However, in case of abnormal switches found in Epstein-Barr takes place, the process is hacked and as a result, it is bound to certain protein referred as EBNA2 (Rostgaard, Wohlfahrt & Hjalgrim, 2014). Consequently, these particular proteins go around the genome looking specific areas where they can trigger diseases. According to a suggestion from recent research, when respective trigger points are engaged by EBNA2, the occurrence of that specific disease goes up and thus the occurrence of that given disease is at a higher probability of occourence (Rostgaard, Wohlfahrt & Hjalgrim, 2014).
Epidemiological Triangle
The Epstein-Bar virus is transmitted through saliva and it is typically referred as the kissing disease. The existence of this infection in the human body among the teens or kids with mono may have a considerable effect such as a sore throat, muscle aches, and fever (Center For Disease Control and Prevention, 2018). In most cases, they feel tired; nevertheless, many people especially children may not experience symptoms of the infection because Mono resolves itself after several weeks (Heo et al., 2016).
Infection with Epstein-Barr takes place at the early age and mainly takes place is subclinical environmental set up in the early childhood. According to Balfour, Dunmire and Hogquist (2015), the pathogenesis of Mono takes place in the epithelial cell as well as the oropharynx which forms important portals for EBV infection. Transmission of this infection takes place through a repeated contact of oropharyngeal secretions and is mainly transmitted by children between the age of 10 14 and adults aged between 30 and 50 years (Heo et al., 2016). As such, the virus can be isolated from the lymphatic, blood, and saliva. Also, sexual intercourse has been established to enhance the transmission of mononucleosis. Under normal circumstances, it has been reported that mononucleosis can also be transmitted through hematopoietic cell transplantation, blood transfusion and transplantation of solid organs (Balfour, Dunmire & Hogquist, 2015). Pre-adolescence children also contract this infection from their parents who shed EBV periodically through their oral secretions.
Mononucleosis has been observed to have an incubation period ranging between 32 to 49 days. According to an empirical research carried out in Sweden, it was reported that on the onset of mononucleosis symptoms appears 38 days after kissing (Rostgaard, Wohlfahrt & Hjalgrim, 2014). Additionally, other model-based data articulates that the incubation period mononucleosis infection is 42 days.
Role of Nurses in Addressing the Outbreak
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