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Managers are: (3 things) 1) task oriented
2)achievement oriented
3) people oriented Managers operate within an? Organization Organization a group of people who work together to achieve some specific purpose Management the pursuit of organizational goals efficiently and effectively by integrating the work of people through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the organizations resources. Efficiency = the means. To use resources ( people, money, raw materials, and the like wisely and cost effectively) Effectiveness = the ends. To achieve results, to make the right decisions and to successfully carry them out so that they achieve the organizations goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Any topic specifically for you For only $13.90/page Order Now Often organizations will erroneously strive for efficiency without being? Effective Good managers create? value Multiplier Effect Your influence on the organization is multiplied far beyond the results that can be achieved by just one person acting alone. What kind of fringe benefits and status rewards go with being a manager? Stock options
Large Office
Health insurance What are the rewards of studying management? 1) You will understand how to deal with organizations from the outside
2) You will understand how to relate to your supervisors
3) You will understand how to interact with coworkers
4) You will understand how to manage yourself in the workplace What are the rewards of practicing management? 1) You and your employees can experience a sense of accomplishment
2) You can stretch your abilities and magnify your range
3) You can build a catalog of successful products or services
4) You can become a mentor and help others. What is the management process? Planning, Organizing, Leading, Controlling Planning is defined as setting goals and deciding how to achieve them Organizing is defined as arranging tasks, people, and other resources to accomplish the work Leading motivating, directing, influencing people to work hard to achieve the organizations goals. Controlling monitering performance, comparing it with goals, and taking corrective action as needed. As a manager you can achieve a balance between what two states? Boredom and Anxiety Competitive advantage the ability of an organization to produce goods or services more effectively than competitors do, thereby outperforming them. Managers with a competitive advantage must stay ahead in what four areas? Being responsive to customers
Innovation
quality
efficiency To be responsive to a customer is to? Take care of the customer Innovation Finding ways to deliver new or better goods and services 7 challenges of becoming an exceptional manager competitive advantage
diversity
globalization
info technology (new normal)
ethical standards
sustainability( business of green)
happiness and meaningfulness Managing for diversity means that? The future won’t resemble the past What can affect how well and organization manages globally? Not understanding differences between different cultures such as verbal expressions and gestures. E commerce the buying or selling of goods or services over computer networks E commerce has lead to the growth of? E buisness E buisness Using the internet to facilitate every aspect of running a buisness. Excessive and unimportant texts and emails can lead managers to face? Losing valuable time and productivity and facing stress and conflict Artificial Intelligence is the discipline concerned with creating computer systems that simulate human reasoning and sensation. Telecommute Or work from home or remote locations using a variety of information technologies. Knowledge Management the implementing of systems and practices to increase the sharing of knowledge and information throughout an organization. What are some key aspects to information technology(the new normal)? Lots of data and decision making (storage system)
Artificial intelligence (robots)
Organization changes( videoconference, managing and organizing systems) sustainability economic development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Our economic system has brought ?? But also led to unsustainable buisness practices because it has assumed that natural resources are ?? prosperity, limitless Happiness is linked to being a?
Meaningfulness is linked to being a? Taker rather than giver
Giver rather than taker Happiness getting what you want and fulfilling desires Meaningfulness May not always make you happy, but is achieving a value sense of ones self and ones purpose within the larger context of life. Who said the work place of the future may resemble a symphony orchestra? Peter Drucker What are the four levels of management? Top managers
Middle Managers
First line Managers
Team leaders Top managers- CEO, COO, president make long term decisions about the overall direction of the organization and establish the objectives, policies, and strategies for it. (Ex?) Top managers must be? Future oriented
deal with competitive conditions
environment outside the organization Middle Managers- district manager, regional manager implement the policies and plans of the top managers above them and supervise and coordinate the activities of the first line managers below them. (Ex?) Middle managers deal with with? People (employees, suppliers, customers) rather than computer screens First line Managers- supervisor, department head, foreman make short term operating decisions, directing the daily tasks of nonmanagerial personnel Team Leaders a manager who is responsible for facilitating team activities toward achieving key results. Don’t have authority over them team members but guide and instruct them. Two types of managers Functional and General Functional Manager- Director of Finance is responsible for just one organizational activity. (Ex?) General Managers- Executive Vice President responsible for several organizational activities. (Ex?) Three types of organizations for Managers? For-profit
nonprofit
mutual-benefit For-profit Organizations (Allstate) formed to make money, or profits, by offering products or services Nonprofit Organization (red cross, hospitals) may be public sector or private sector. Offer services to come clients, not to make a profit. Managers in non profit organization are often known as? administrators Nonprofit which offers services to all clients within their jurisdictions. Example=military service What is the commonweal organization? Mutual benefit organization- labor unions, political parties voluntary collections of members whose purpose is to advance members interests (Ex?) For-profit= success comes from profit (or loss) making
nonprofit &mutual benefit+ success comes from effectiveness of service delivered What is the difference between different organizations and managements? What do managers have in common as a source of a support system? Spouse or partner Robert Kratz Who found that through education and experience managers require the three principal skills to business? technical, conceptual, human What are the 3 principal skills? Technical skills consist of the job specific knowledge needed to perform well in a specialized field Conceptual skills consist of the ability to think analytically, to visualize an organization as a whole and understand how the parts work together. Human skills; soft skills consist of the ability to work well in cooperation with other people to get things done. Also known as? Soft skills the ability to motivate, to inspire trust, to communicate with others Ask probing questions
force people beneath them to think and find answers Companies want people who? -ability to motivate and engage others
-ability to communicate
-work outside of US
-high energy levels to meet demands of global travel What are the 4 chief skills companies seek in top managers? Henry Mintzberg
1) Manager relies more on verbal then on written communication
2) Managers work long hours at intense pace (50 to 90 hr workdays)
3)work is characterized by fragmentation, brevity, and variety (phone calls, meetings, computer work) What are the three findings important for prospective managers? Who found these? Time and task management What are major challenges for every manager according to Mintzberg’s findings? interpersonal, informational, decisional What are the three types of managerial roles? Interpersonal Roles- figurehead, liasion, leader managers interact with people inside and outside their work units. Example? Informational Roles- monitor disseminator spokesperson managers receive and communicate information. Example? Decisional Roles- entreprenuer, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiater managers use information to make decisions to solve problems or take advantage of opportunities. Example? Information handling (accurate information=crucial for making smart decisions) What is the most important part of a managers job? figurehead show visitors around your company, attend employee birthday parties. present ethical guidelines. Perform symbolic tasks. Leadership responsible for actions of subordinates. Expressed on decisions about training, motivating and discipling. Liasion act like a politician, work with people outside work unit and organization to develop alliances that will help you achieve goals monitor role constantly alert for useful infomation disseminator role disseminate important information to employee via email and meeting so people know whats going on spokesperson role diplomat, put the best face on the activities of your work unit or organization to people outside of it. entreprenuer role initiate and encourage change and innovation disturbance role fixing unforeen problems resource allocator role setting priorities about use of resources negotiator role working with other inside and outside the organization to accomplish your goals Entrepreneurship is the process of taking risks to try and create a new enterprise Entrepenuer – run small business with fewer than 100 employees someone who sees a new opportunity for a product or service and launched a business to try and realize it Intrapreneur- researcher or scientist, manager is someone who work inside an existing organization who sees an opportunity for a product or service and mobilizes the organizations resources to try and realize it. (Ex?) Change, repsonds to it, and exploits it as an opportunity Entrepreneur always searches for? grow and maintain a buisness
start a buisness Being a manager is what it takes to?
Being an entrepreneur is what it takes to? Gazelles.
Speed and agility
Alan Webber Entrepreneurial companies have been called ___ for what two attributes? Who said this? 1) high need for achievement; E=self motivated through hard goals, M= motivated by promotions and org rewards
2) belief in personal control of destiny
3) high energy levels and action orientation- impatient and get things done fast
4) high tolerance for ambiguity(unclear info)
5) self confidence and tolerance for risk What are the 5 psychological characteristics that differ between entreprenuers and managers? Peter Drucker creator and inventor of modern management Classical, behavioral, quantitative What are the three historical management perspectives? Sytems viewpoint, contingency viewpoint, and quality management What are the three Contemporary management perspectives? Gilbreths A husband and wife team of industrial engineers who were pioneers in the classical approach to management. Classical Viewpoint- scientific and administrative emphasized ways to manage work more efficiently and boost productivity, had two branches..? rational Classical management assumes that people are? Scientific management- Frederick Taylor and Gilbreths emphasized the work methods to improve the productivity of individual workers. Who were its chief proponents? Soldiering deliberately working at less than full capacity. Frederick Taylor Who was known as the father of scientific management? evaluate a task
carefully select workers
give workers training and incentives to do task right
scientific principles to plan work methods What four ways can you eliminate soldiering? Motion Studies break down each workers job into basic physical motions and then trained workers to use the methods or their best performing coworkers. differential rate system more efficient workers earned higher wages production; increase profits Taylor believed by raising ___ both labor and management could ____ to the point of no more quarrel over them. using cameras to film workers at work in order to isolate parts of a job Gilbreths expanded on Taylors motion studies by? Administrative management- Fayol and Weber concerned with managing the total organization. People? Fayol first to identify major functions of management as well as coordinating. bureaucracy- weber rational, efficient, ideal organization based on principles of logic 1) hierarchy of authority
2) formal rules
3) clear division of labor
4) impersonality
5) careers based on merit 5 positive bureaucracy features: Too mechanistic; doesn’t take into account importance of human needs What is a flaw in the classical viewpoint? Behavorial viewpoint emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior and of motivating employees toward achievement. Hugo Munsterberg Father of industrial psychology mustenberg, follett, mayo Three people who pioneered early behavorialsm? Follett thought organizations should become more democratic, with managers and employees working cooperatively Hawthorne Studies investigation into whether workplace lighting level affected worker productivity Hawthorne Effect employees worked harder if they received added attention, and if they thought managers cared about their welfare Human Relation Movement- maslow and mcGregor proposed that better human relations could increase worker productivity. People? physiological, safety, love, esteem, self actualization Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs: Theory X represents a pessimistic, negative view of workers Theory Y represents the outlook of human relations proponents, optimistic and positive view of workers. Beliefs affect their behavior The principal contribution offered by the Theory X and Y is that it helps managers understand how their? Behavorial Science scientific research for developing theories about human behavior that can be used to provide practical tools for managers. psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics 4 aspects of behavioral science: Quantitative management ( managerial science and operations management) the application to management of quanittative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations. 2 branches? Management Science focuses on using mathematics to aid in problem solving and decision making Operations Management focuses on managing the production and delivery of an organizations products or services more effectively Effective and Efficient Through the rational management of resources and distribution of goods and services, operation management helps ensure that buisness operations are? Individual differences in a variety of settings In order to be an exceptional manager, you need to learn to deal with? System Viewpoint regards the organization as systems of interrelated part that operate together to achieve a common purpose. Contingency viewpoint emphasizes that a managers approach should vary according to the individual and environmental situation Quality control, quality assurance, total quality management Quality Management viewpoint three approaches? Quality control- Walter Shewart strategy for minimizing errors by managing each state of production. People? Quality assurance focuses on the performance of workers urging employees to strive for zero defects Total quality management – Deming and Juran Comprehensive approach dedicated to continuous quality improvement, training, and customer satisfaction. People? system set of interralated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose. 1) collection of subsystems
2) part of larger environment You can look at your organization in the system viewpoint as? inputs, transformational processes, outputs, feedback 4 parts of a system? inputs people, money, info, equipment and materials required to produce an organizations goods and services. Goes into a system Transformational processes organizations capability in management and technology that are applied to converting inputs into outputs outputs Products, services, profits, losses, employees satisfaction or discontent produced by the organization. Whatever comes out of the system feedback information about the reaction of the environment to the outputs, which affects the inputs. Are customers buying or not buying the product? open system continually interacts with its environment closed system-classical viewpoint and management science has little interaction with its environment. What viewpoints? Complexity theory the study of how order and pattern arise from very complicated chaotic systems. inside and outside; correct mistakes and avoid new ones Open Sytems stress multiple feedback from both ___ and ___ the organization, resulting in continuous learning process to try and ____? Adapt to their environments Complexity theory seek to understand how organizations considered as relatively simple and partly connected structures? Hamel Who holds that management theory is dated and doesnt fit the current realties of organizational life and that management innovation is essential to future success. Process ( Hamel) Management ideas are not fixed, they are a? Core beliefs that people have about the organization
-belief worth challenging
-universally valid
-serve interests of adherents
-self-fulfilling How do forward looking managers get the ball rolling in management innovation, particularly in a traditional conventional company? Evidence based management- Pfeffer and Sutton translating principles based on best evidence into organizational practice, bringing rationality to the decision-making process. people? Quality What is considered one of the most important ways of adding value to products and services, and distinguishes them from competitors? constancy of purpose and statistical measurement and reduction of variations, and teamwork Deming believed that quality stemmed from? fitness for use – satisfy real needs Juran defined quality as? 1) make continuous improvements a priority
2) get every employee involved
3) listen and learn from employees and customers
4) use accurate standards to solve and eliminate probs 4 components of total quality management? Global competition Adoption of total quality management helped American companies deal with? Learning Organization- Senge is an organization that actively creates, acquires, and transfers knowledge within itself and is able to modify its behavior to reflect new knowledge. Proponent? organizations goals Managers encourage employees to use the new knowledge obtained to change their behavior and to help further the? 1) build commitment to learning
2) work to generate ideas with impact
3) work to generalize ideas with impact 3 roles managers must perform to build learning organization: investing, promoting, creating rewards (get out of jail free card) Build commitment to learning: add value for customers/ employees, increasing employee competence( training, experiment, engage) Generate ideas with impact: reduce barriers to learning ( reduce conflict, increase communication, promote teamwork, rewards risk taking, reduces fear of failure) Generalize ideas with impact Triple Bottom Line representing People, planet, and profit (3ps) measures an organization’s social, environmental, and financial performance. Bottom line What is an organizations profit (loss)? Social audit a systematic assessment of a company’s performance in implementing socially responsible programs, often based on predefined goals. People responsibility to its employees and to the wider community Planet committed to sustainable environmental practices Profit Includes the cost of of pollution, worker displacement, and other factors in its financial calculations. Millennial generation What does the notion of the triple bottom line has particular appeal to many of those in the ___ generation? Meaning; happiness Millennials appear to be more interested in living lives defined by ____ than by ____? Federal Pipeline Safety Act PG&E was eventually indicted for 12 criminal counts, for repeatedly violating the? Stakeholders the people whose interests are affected by an organizations activities. The General Environment
The task Environment
-External stakeholder What two environments do managers operate in? And what kind of stakeholder are they? economic forces, technological forces, sociocultural forces, Political-legal forces, demographic forces, internatinonal forces The general environment consists of? customers, competitors, suppliers, distributors, allies, unions, lenders, governments, interest groups, media The task environment consists of? Employees, owners, board of directors Who are the internal stakeholders? internal stakeholders consists of employees, owners, and the board of directors, if any owners The owners of an organization consist of all those who claim it as their legal property sole proprietorship One person firm, self ownership Partnership Two owners of a firm investor in a privately owned company Family owned business Joint owners If you work for a company that is more than half owned by its employees then you are one of the? Board of directors Who hires the chief executive of a for profit or a nonprofit organization? Board of directors (board of regents for non profit) members are elected by the stockholders to see that the company is being run according to their interests. -strategic goals
-major decisions and salaries Board members are very important in setting the organizations overall ____ and in approving the ____ and ___ of top management? True True or False: Not all firms have a board of directors
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